treppenwitz

From the NAFSA link you provided:
 

It sounds like you entered the US via a non-immigrant visa with the intent to adjust status....or am I missing something?

US notaries are different and it varies by province in Canada.  But Alberta is pretty particular.
https://www.law-faqs.org/alberta-faqs/legal-services/commissioners-for-oaths-and-notaries-public/

I was answering based on those who are not of age to sign on there own behalf which for the USCIS appears to be 14

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

To be clear, working abroad is not a reason or refusal. I know quite a few people who do so and received a US tourist visa. It does present challenges though, especially if the work has only been for a few years.
Sufficient funds for the trip / payslips are positive factors IMO, but by no means can prove you will return. I can guarantee there are people earning both more and less than you that have been both approved and denied a tourist visa. Both groups of people have overstayed visas and/or violated status, too.
 
You can still visit each other outside the US. Yes, it will take time until you are together in the US, but make the most of what you can. Good luck.

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

Yes. Select "Tax Return Transcript."

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

She can renew her visa anytime. This is done abroad. If you meant can she extend her stay within the US, that's a different question. That's done via an I-539 and requires a good reason to stay. She would likely be denied without a valid reason to remain in the US as a visitor longer than the stay permitted by CBP when she entered the country.
Even then, the timeline you're looking at is around 2-2.5 years. You can't extend a visitor status that long. The ~2+ years cannot be expedited - it's due to the limited number of immigrant visas available in your category per year (F2A, not IR-1/CR-1), not processing speeds.
 
As others stated, she cannot enter the US as a tourist with intent to stay. She must enter to visit, nothing else. If/Once you marry, she will complete the processing abroad for an immigrant visa.

I-539 extension? High odds that would be denied, IMO.
The F2A process takes about 2 years. She must leave the US before the I-94 expires. As a tourist, she should spend more time outside the US than inside.
F2A not IR-1/CR-1

Yet a couple additional reasons to never book a flight before the visa is in hand:
The passport could be lost or damaged during return. The visa could have an error (misspelled name, wrong DOB, etc.).

That is normal since you recently got married. That is why 2 years after they enter the US they will go through Removal of Conditions. At that point, you should have joint things.

Actually not, as parent or legal guardian they sign on behalf of the principle applicant,  per the instructions not as preparer 

Yes, better to use the tax transcripts than the actual tax forms. I didn't even send w-2's because I sent transcripts, they seem to like transcripts.

I'm unaware of anything compelling adjudication of the N-400. Many times they will adjudicate them together - I would assume it's simpler and more efficient to do so. But sometimes not both are ready for an interview at the same time, and not all IOs are qualified & trained to adjudicate both types of cases.
 
There is a provision regarding adjudication of an N-400 within 120 days from interview. See https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-b-chapter-4.
However, if they cannot confirm eligibility for naturalization, then they can request more time. A pending I-751 is a valid reason for being unable to adjudicate the N-400 since having conditions lifted is a requirement for naturalization.

For #1 selected "More than one trip." Left everything else in Section 7 blank.
Nothing is required to be attached for AOS filers in Part 7. TPS beneficiaries, DACA beneficiaries (they could before 09/05/2017 but no longer can; the I-131 is outdated regarding DACA since the recent edition is from 12/23/2016), etc can also receive Advance Parole but they need to show USCIS specific circumstances that warrant AP issuance. Those individuals need to attach those things with the I-131 form.
 
For Part 4, Question 1.a.
AOS filers can also leave this blank. Or you can simply put "To visit my family."

Spell it out for them in simple terms. 
 
Write a timeline like this:
 
On May 7, 2005 petitioner David Smith married Mary Jones. 
 
On July 21, 2013 the marriage between petitioner David Smith and Mary Jones was lawfully terminated. See enclosed divorce decree. 
 
On September 7, 2017 petitioner David Smith married beneficiary Jane Doe. This is the beneficiary’s first and only marriage. See enclosed marriage certificate.  

They can’t go wrong. As it is an international flight the passengers must all go through immigration. It’s unavoidable and the only way they can go when they get off the plane. Without knowing the exact gate, you can’t give step by step instructions anyway. Just tell them to follow “arrivals and baggage claim”. 

Yes
Yes

Yes. Don’t overthink the questions. It asks for the children of the beneficiary to be listed. So list all of her children. Every single one. Don’t assume that this or that is not required. Answer each question exactly as it is asked.

Also see @payxibka's post above.

AP Approval Notice

EAD Approval Notice

The card comes in a Priority Mail envelope; see below: