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I would say that your one 174-day trip won't cause a problem esp if you were your father's dependent and did not work overseas at that time.
I would say that you should be fine.

I remember during my time that my payment receipt from USCIS had a payment transaction date that was exactly 4 hours (AK time?) earlier than the credit card email notification time (EST) of the charge.
 
I would have thought that 1230PM is too late in the day for a huge time stamp error. I would have thought that any time before 4 am (or 6 am if Hawaii time) may be problematic if it's a time zone issue.
 
OP, did the IO tell you at the interview that you were being denied? That would have been the time to object immediately... but that's water under the bridge. Sorry about this.

Some other people here got Qual Review (and me from last year) and I thought the same thing as you did like ... which came first?
 
Anyway, I just came to the conclusion that I should just concentrate on notifications from the myUSCIS account. The impt thing is you got the 'We approved...' message so just wait for your oath notification. That Qual Review notification on egov won't change until you get the oath letter. I was also waiting for that Qual Review to change but when it didn't change 30 days after interview, I called them up and ask if my file was still ok. They said no flags and to just wait for the oath letter. I got the oath notification 46 days after interview.
 
So don't worry about the Qual Review. You've been approved! You should worry if you only got 'You attended your interview.' Hope you get the Oath letter soon. Congrats!!!!

Your child's immigrant visa is not valid anymore but when endorsed, it serves as an I-551 visa entry stamp in the foreign passport and GC evidence for 1 year. According to the following, there is no need to wait for a physical GC.
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html
 
 
U.S. Citizenship through Naturalization of a Parent
 
If you were born outside the United States and acquired U.S. citizenship through the naturalization of your parent(s), please submit the following with your passport application:
Your foreign birth certificate listing your parent(s) Your parent(s)’ naturalization certificate Evidence of your permanent residence status. Examples include: Permanent Resident Card/Green Card Foreign passport with the original I-551 visa entry stamp Your parents' marriage certificate (if your parents were married when you legally entered the U.S. and before your 18th birthday)  Documentation of legal custody (if your parents were not married when you legally entered the U.S.) Evidence of your legitimation (if your parents were not married at the time of your birth). Examples include: Your parents' marriage certificate dated after your birth Certified court order of legitimation 

Your child's immigrant visa is not valid anymore but when endorsed, it serves as an I-551 visa entry stamp in the foreign passport and GC evidence for 1 year. According to the following, there is no need to wait for a physical GC.
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html
 
 
U.S. Citizenship through Naturalization of a Parent
 
If you were born outside the United States and acquired U.S. citizenship through the naturalization of your parent(s), please submit the following with your passport application:
Your foreign birth certificate listing your parent(s) Your parent(s)’ naturalization certificate Evidence of your permanent residence status. Examples include: Permanent Resident Card/Green Card Foreign passport with the original I-551 visa entry stamp Your parents' marriage certificate (if your parents were married when you legally entered the U.S. and before your 18th birthday)  Documentation of legal custody (if your parents were not married when you legally entered the U.S.) Evidence of your legitimation (if your parents were not married at the time of your birth). Examples include: Your parents' marriage certificate dated after your birth Certified court order of legitimation 

Your child's immigrant visa is not valid anymore but when endorsed, it serves as an I-551 visa entry stamp in the foreign passport and GC evidence for 1 year. According to the following, there is no need to wait for a physical GC.
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/how-apply/citizenship-evidence.html
 
 
U.S. Citizenship through Naturalization of a Parent
 
If you were born outside the United States and acquired U.S. citizenship through the naturalization of your parent(s), please submit the following with your passport application:
Your foreign birth certificate listing your parent(s) Your parent(s)’ naturalization certificate Evidence of your permanent residence status. Examples include: Permanent Resident Card/Green Card Foreign passport with the original I-551 visa entry stamp Your parents' marriage certificate (if your parents were married when you legally entered the U.S. and before your 18th birthday)  Documentation of legal custody (if your parents were not married when you legally entered the U.S.) Evidence of your legitimation (if your parents were not married at the time of your birth). Examples include: Your parents' marriage certificate dated after your birth Certified court order of legitimation 

If I'm not mistaken, you have to buy your plane tix using your passport name. You might need to buy 2 one way tickets if you have a new passport on the way back.

If I'm not mistaken, you have to buy your plane tix using your passport name. You might need to buy 2 one way tickets if you have a new passport on the way back.

If I'm not mistaken, you have to buy your plane tix using your passport name. You might need to buy 2 one way tickets if you have a new passport on the way back.

If I'm not mistaken, you have to buy your plane tix using your passport name. You might need to buy 2 one way tickets if you have a new passport on the way back.

A valid passport is not required. you just have to realize that you can't travel to the Phiippines in an emergency situation if your naturalization process takes a long time.

Here are some info that you might be interested in that answers some of your questions:
1) re-entry permit and effect on naturalization (https://citizenpath.com/reentry-permit-permanent-residents/)
2) re-entry permit approval before leaving? (https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/guides/B5en.pdf
3) N-400 interview and oath abroad? I doubt it. Even those who qualify for expeditious naturalization must be interviewed in the US (https://immigration.com/faq/expeditious-naturalization).
 
You probably also have to consider the length of the N-400 process in your local Field Office if you'll apply in a couple of weeks.
 
It'll be another 2.5 years+1 day if N-400 is based on marriage. I agree, travel to the US even for a day before 6 months absence to satisfy continuous residence and hopefully physical presence requirement is always satisfied. One less thing to stress about on top of tremendous grief and stress.

It seems like filing N-336 should have been fileddone within 30 days after denial notification acc to this:
 
https://www.mouratovalawfirm.com/blog/immigration/151-can-i-apply-again-for-citizenship-after-getting-rejected
 

You're not understanding how things work.
 
Once your sister applied to adjust status, all the stuff at the consulate came to a halt and the case was transferred back to USCIS to adjudicate the adjustment of status.  NOTHING is waiting for your sister at the US Consulate in her home country.  Your sister needs an I-601a and an I-824 to transfer the case back to the NVC.  

The sister probably would qualify for DACA.  
 
Filing the I-601a and getting an immigration visa would be the better path.

You can file for her when you become an LPR.

As they say, the naturalization process is their last chance to check the entire immigration profile. You got your GC because of your husband so I would assume that USCIS want to re-check the approval of the GC. Did your husband just get a certificate from school or something more?

fyi.
 
Unless Biden already canceled this one, don't go.
 
 
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955641839/u-s-puts-cuba-back-on-list-of-state-sponsors-of-terrorism
U.S. Puts Cuba Back On List Of State Sponsors of Terrorism
    January 11, 2021    3:08 PM ET Bill Chappell
Twitter   Updated at 4:25 p.m. ET
The Trump administration is designating Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism in a move that will return the island nation to the pariah list from which it was removed five years ago.
 

fyi.
 
Unless Biden already canceled this one, don't go.
 
 
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955641839/u-s-puts-cuba-back-on-list-of-state-sponsors-of-terrorism
U.S. Puts Cuba Back On List Of State Sponsors of Terrorism
    January 11, 2021    3:08 PM ET Bill Chappell
Twitter   Updated at 4:25 p.m. ET
The Trump administration is designating Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism in a move that will return the island nation to the pariah list from which it was removed five years ago.
 

fyi.
 
Unless Biden already canceled this one, don't go.
 
 
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955641839/u-s-puts-cuba-back-on-list-of-state-sponsors-of-terrorism
U.S. Puts Cuba Back On List Of State Sponsors of Terrorism
    January 11, 2021    3:08 PM ET Bill Chappell
Twitter   Updated at 4:25 p.m. ET
The Trump administration is designating Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism in a move that will return the island nation to the pariah list from which it was removed five years ago.
 

Not worth the risk at all especially with Covid and travel restrictions all over still being a thing. Not to mention the creepy Havana syndrome illness that was going on there. I think Cuba is a fascinating place and I'd love to go there myself someday but it just doesn't make sense to travel there right now especially if you have a pending N-400. Traveling there during Covid would just look even more suspicious in my opinion (unless you have some emergency reason to go there.)
 
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/cuba-travel-advisory.html

fyi.
 
Unless Biden already canceled this one, don't go.
 
 
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955641839/u-s-puts-cuba-back-on-list-of-state-sponsors-of-terrorism
U.S. Puts Cuba Back On List Of State Sponsors of Terrorism
    January 11, 2021    3:08 PM ET Bill Chappell
Twitter   Updated at 4:25 p.m. ET
The Trump administration is designating Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism in a move that will return the island nation to the pariah list from which it was removed five years ago.
 

From personal experience, I never worried even when I answered 'yes.' VJers tell you to answer 'no' but applying for citizenship sometimes get you paranoid enough about not lying (i.e, USCIS knows everything etc) on the form. The IO asked me for an explanation and he just changed it to a 'no.' I was approved that same day.
 
With regards to this question, you should be fine.

From personal experience, I never worried even when I answered 'yes.' VJers tell you to answer 'no' but applying for citizenship sometimes get you paranoid enough about not lying (i.e, USCIS knows everything etc) on the form. The IO asked me for an explanation and he just changed it to a 'no.' I was approved that same day.
 
With regards to this question, you should be fine.

Do you object to only 1 question? If you can afford to make 1 wrong answer, then answer it the way you want if you get that question. I am actually glad that USCIS does not make us sing the national anthem and write the Pledge of Allegiance as our only oral and written tests.
 
Just apply and get this over with. This way you don't need to worry about the requirements for being an lpr. Also, we need more voters and a louder voice!