teeak

After you submit the DS-260, the only way to change something is to call NVC.
Here's the number: 603-334-0700
It'll take many many tries to get through.
Tip: If you hear the voice and no ringing, hang up right away. It means they have too many callers. If you hear ringing, it means you've gotten through and they'll put you on a queue.

The reason why most spouses of LPR's receive a 10-year GC is because of visa numbers. There aren't readily available visas for spouses of LPR's and most end up waiting close to 2 years till a visa number is available to them. Therefore, by the time their spouses enter the US, more than 2 years of marriage has passed and they receive a 10-year GC.
On the other hand, there are visas available for spouses of USCs and most prefer their spouses join them in the US as soon as possible, which is why most receive a 2-year conditional GC.

Since you're saying you were a child when you obtained US citizenship, I'm going to assume it was through your parent who naturalized in the US. You would then have derived citizenship because your parent had naturalized before you turned 18 and you were a permanent resident in the US.
Since you did not have to go through the naturalization process (interview, test, etc.) you would not have received a naturalization certificate but, your parent would have. Instead you would receive a certificate of citizenship, evidencing your US citizen status which you obtained through your parent.
All your above answers make sense. As for the place of issuance, it would be where you were living when your certificate was issued, basically when you became a USC. That would be Chicago, IL.

The burden is not on you to prove that you entered the US without the intent to adjust status.
If you would like to adjust status in the US, you can go ahead and get married and file the paperwork. Just know that you won't be able to leave the US/work when your petition is pending until you receive the EAD/AP authorization.
If you need to go back home for any reason, it's best to continue with the CR1 visa.

http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/panel/vaccination-panel-technical-instructions.html#tbl1
As per the above, looks like you'll need the Td/Tdap, Varicella, Pneumococcal or Flu shot (depending on the season). If you already have records of these vaccines, they may or may not give these to you again.
I would also suggest researching these vaccines and asking your general practitioner any questions you may have.

Your fiance has passed the age of 21. He may not even be a part of his father's case anymore.
Child Status Protection Act freezes the age of some children who are over the age of 21 before their priority date is current. This depends on when the PD become current and how long it took to approve. I'm not sure if it'll apply to your fiance's case since the PD isn't even current yet.
Yes, if he does get married then he will no longer be in his father's case.
However, you can still petition for him. First of all, his uncle didn't "request" him. He petitioned for the father so, your fiance doesn't even have a pending petition for himself. And yes it can be done more than once. Even if he did have a petition, it is possible to have multiple pending petitions at the same time.

Are you sure he hasn't aged out? You're supposed to be under 21 to be included as a derivative and I'm not sure how old he is now and if he'll be protected by CSPA.

Yes, but since the UAE requires that a person be physically present in the country to issue the police certificate, most consular officers waive the general requirement to obtain the UAE police record if a person isn't living there.
https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/fees/reciprocity-by-country/AE.html

The visa is usually valid for 6 months after the date of the medical exam.

No, you don't have to file for the Certificate. Once you become a USC, you can go ahead and apply for a US passport for her which will evidence her US citizenship.

You'll just need to wait until your wife received the EAD/AP combo card before applying for a CA ID. It should take about 3 months and since it's already been 6 weeks, you just need to wait a few more weeks longer.

You'll actually need a joint sponsor. Your foreign income will only count if you can expect it to continue after moving back to the US.
Additionally, since you've been out of the US for so long, you'll need to provide evidence that you will re-establish domicile. The below link will give you some tips on the documents you can provide to do this.
http://www.visajourney.com/wiki/index.php/NVC_Process#Step_6_-_Gather_AOS_Package

You'll actually need a joint sponsor. Your foreign income will only count if you can expect it to continue after moving back to the US.
Additionally, since you've been out of the US for so long, you'll need to provide evidence that you will re-establish domicile. The below link will give you some tips on the documents you can provide to do this.
http://www.visajourney.com/wiki/index.php/NVC_Process#Step_6_-_Gather_AOS_Package

Yes, they can work and travel. They have the same rules and rights of a person with a 10-year "unconditional" green card. The only thing they have to do is to file to remove conditions by evidencing that they remain in a bonafide marriage with their spouse or in cases of divorce, entered the marriage in good faith. The conditional GC is issued to people who have been married for less than two years upon entering the US.

Yes, they can work and travel. They have the same rules and rights of a person with a 10-year "unconditional" green card. The only thing they have to do is to file to remove conditions by evidencing that they remain in a bonafide marriage with their spouse or in cases of divorce, entered the marriage in good faith. The conditional GC is issued to people who have been married for less than two years upon entering the US.

You don't need an account. You can use the WAC number on your ASC Biometrics (fingerprint) notice and input it into USCIS' case status checker.
https://egov.uscis.gov/casestatus/landing.do

There's pros and cons to both. Here's a comparison chart: http://www.visajourney.com/content/compare
With the K-1, you'd be together quicker but, it's more expensive and she wouldn't be able to work or travel right away since she'd need to file more forms to obtain a green card and work/travel authorization.
With the CR-1, the process takes longer but, she'd be a permanent resident as soon as she landed in the US.

There's pros and cons to both. Here's a comparison chart: http://www.visajourney.com/content/compare
With the K-1, you'd be together quicker but, it's more expensive and she wouldn't be able to work or travel right away since she'd need to file more forms to obtain a green card and work/travel authorization.
With the CR-1, the process takes longer but, she'd be a permanent resident as soon as she landed in the US.

Yes, from my experience, a case status message using that language means they've issued a Notice of Intent to Deny (NOID).

No suspicion will be raised. OP was let into the country by CBP and if there was any suspicion of immigrant intent then he would not have been let into the US.

Schedule an infoPass appointment and talk to an officer to get it sorted out.
https://my.uscis.gov/appointment

No, it's 3 years from the issuance of the GC and if you have been married for the entire time. She has to have been a permanent resident for at least 3 years.
https://www.uscis.gov/forms/uscis-early-filing-calculator

Most likely means case complete! Call up NVC to confirm.

It's not advised. You should schedule an infoPass appointment at your nearby USCIS office to get an I-551 stamp in your passport which extends the validity for one year.
https://my.uscis.gov/appointment

Yes, the I-765 is also on hold. Once you respond to the RFE, and USCIS is satisfied with the response, your EAD application will start moving forward again.