History of slavery in US justifies reparations for African Americans, says UN

[Boiler 45,660]

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/slavery-us-african-americans-reparations-un-a7334236.html

The history of slavery in the United States justifies reparations for African Americans, argues a recent report by a UN-affiliated group based in Geneva.

This conclusion was part of a study by the United Nations' Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, a body that reports to the international organisation's High Commissioner on Human Rights. The group of experts, which includes leading human rights lawyers from around the world, presented its findings to the United Nations Human Rights Council on Monday, pointing to the continuing link between present injustices and the dark chapters of American history.

“In particular, the legacy of colonial history, enslavement, racial subordination and segregation, racial terrorism and racial inequality in the United States remains a serious challenge, as there has been no real commitment to reparations and to truth and reconciliation for people of African descent,” the report stated.

“Contemporary police killings and the trauma that they create are reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching.”

[Mista Fantastic 13]

“Contemporary police killings and the trauma that they create are reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching.”

They are not just reminiscent of, they are a continuation of. They are the same thing.

[Boiler 45,660]

#BLM

[NigeriaorBust 4,087]

Did they look up what happened to slaves or warriors between African people of the same time frame . I think they should be lucky they came here as slaves. At least they got to live.

[Rob L 3,811]

Did they look up what happened to slaves or warriors between African people of the same time frame . I think they should be lucky they came here as slaves. At least they got to live.

Sounds like a picnic

"I think they should be lucky they came here as slaves. "

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest movement of people in history. Between 10 and 15 million Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic between 1500 and 1900. But this figure grossly understates the actual number of Africans enslaved, killed, or displaced as a result of the slave trade. At least 2 million Africans--10 to 15 percent--died during the infamous "Middle Passage" across the Atlantic. Another 15 to 30 percent died during the march to or confinement along the coast. Altogether, for every 100 slaves who reached the New World, another 40 had died in Africa or during the Middle Passage.

The Atlantic slave trade, however, was not the only slave trade within Africa. Nearly as many Africans were exported across the Sahara Desert, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean from 650 a.d. to 1900 as were shipped across the Atlantic. Islamic traders probably exported 10 million slaves into north Africa, Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, and India. In addition, it now seems clear that during the era of the Atlantic slave trade, many and perhaps most of the enslaved were kept in Africa. It is imaginable that as many as 60 million Africans died or were enslaved as a result of these various slave trades.

The level of slave exports to the New World grew from about 36,000 a year in the early eighteenth century to almost 80,000 a year during the 1780s. By 1750, slavers usually contained at least 400 slaves, with some carrying more than 700.

Once on shipboard, slaves were chained together and crammed into spaces sometimes less than five feet high. One observer said that slaves were packed together "like books upon a shelf...so close that the shelf would not easily contain one more." Conditions within the slave ships were unspeakably awful. Inside the hold, slaves had only half the space provided for indentured servants or convicts. Urine, vomit, mucous, and horrific odors filled the hold.

The Middle Passage usually took more than seven weeks. Men and women were separated, with men usually placed toward the vessel's bow and women toward the stern. The men were chained together and forced to lie shoulder to shoulder, while women were usually left unchained. During the voyage, the enslaved Africans were typically fed only once or twice a day and brought on deck for limited times.

The death rate on these slave ships was very high - reaching 25 percent in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and remaining around ten percent in the nineteenth century - as a result of malnutrition and such diseases as dysentery, measles, scurvy, and smallpox. This was a much higher death rate than that found among white immigrants, and it appears to have been due largely to dehydration, resulting from inadequate water rations. Diarrhea was widespread and many Africans arrived in the New World covered with sores or suffering fevers.

Many Africans resisted enslavement. On shipboard, many slaves mutinied, attempted suicide, jumped overboard, or refused to eat. The most recent estimate suggests that there was a revolt on one in every ten voyages across the Atlantic. To prevent their captives from starving themselves, slavers sometimes smashed out their teeth and fed them by force. Some captains actually cut off the arms and legs of a few kidnapped Africans.

Upon arrival in the New World, enslaved Africans underwent the final stage in the process of enslavement, a rigorous process known as "seasoning." Many slaves died of disease or suicide, but many other African captives conspired to escape slavery by running away and forming "maroon" colonies in remote parts of South Carolina, Florida, Brazil, Guiana, and Jamaica, and Surinam

[ready4ONE 5,400]

It was awful, but who exactly is supposed to be financially liable in 2016 for events and actions, however terrible that took place that long ago?

[NigeriaorBust 4,087]

And this is Africa ( where it is still a habit of free born to avoid marrying the issue of slave born )

Following this ritual, come the sacrifices, which must be killed by the cheif's children. First a dog is chosen because of its power of clairvoyance and ability to forsee danger and evil. A dog is beheaded and the children draw a circle around the corpse with the dripping blood. A cat is chosen because of its spectacular night vision in order to bring the chief good eyesight in the underworld. An eagle is chosen to bring the chief good eyesight in the light. Finally a parrot is chosen because of its clear voice so that the chief will always be heard in his next life.

The next set of sacrifices are slain by the relatives on the chief's mother's side of the family. A goat is selected because of its sturdy feet, to carry the chief wherever he would like to go. After the animals, the slave wives are sacrificed. First one special slave wife (the "Aho'm") is slain and thrown into the grave and the rest must have their arms and legs broken and are buried alive with the body. Only the bravest and strongest men are selected to perform the courageous task of breaking the bones. Depending on the chief, there may be more human sacrifices. Some families have bodies hanging from posts or trees around the burial square. If the chief is rich enough, several more slaves are slain at the place where the chief bathed, ate, slept, received guests, and as a gift to the trees. At the tree at which ale is worshipped ("ogrisi"), the slaves have their throats cut and the blood is poured at the roots of the tree, to fertilize it.

[Boiler 45,660]

The largest numbers went to Brazil, can not find the UN report?

[Ebunoluwa 6,136]

And this is Africa ( where it is still a habit of free born to avoid marrying the issue of slave born )

Following this ritual, come the sacrifices, which must be killed by the cheif's children. First a dog is chosen because of its power of clairvoyance and ability to forsee danger and evil. A dog is beheaded and the children draw a circle around the corpse with the dripping blood. A cat is chosen because of its spectacular night vision in order to bring the chief good eyesight in the underworld. An eagle is chosen to bring the chief good eyesight in the light. Finally a parrot is chosen because of its clear voice so that the chief will always be heard in his next life.

The next set of sacrifices are slain by the relatives on the chief's mother's side of the family. A goat is selected because of its sturdy feet, to carry the chief wherever he would like to go. After the animals, the slave wives are sacrificed. First one special slave wife (the "Aho'm") is slain and thrown into the grave and the rest must have their arms and legs broken and are buried alive with the body. Only the bravest and strongest men are selected to perform the courageous task of breaking the bones. Depending on the chief, there may be more human sacrifices. Some families have bodies hanging from posts or trees around the burial square. If the chief is rich enough, several more slaves are slain at the place where the chief bathed, ate, slept, received guests, and as a gift to the trees. At the tree at which ale is worshipped ("ogrisi"), the slaves have their throats cut and the blood is poured at the roots of the tree, to fertilize it.

That does not sound worse than what the slaves here had to endure.

Feet hacked off, buried alive, hunted down, beaten until the flesh fell off, bred like stock, sold and separated from their family,

tortured, lynched, shackled like animals.

[Ebunoluwa 6,136]

Did they look up what happened to slaves or warriors between African people of the same time frame . I think they should be lucky they came here as slaves. At least they got to live.

That is one of the worst comments of yours I have ever read. Thousand did not live. They were killed.

[Boiler 45,660]

Nasty times, whatever you were, well for most people.

[NigeriaorBust 4,087]

Hacking off feet and hands is still a punishment in Nigeria. When foes were captured or hunted to be slaves by other tribes the strong ones were sold to the European slave ships to be sent to the new world . The US only had about 500,000 slaves imported where Brazil had over 5,000,000. The old and weak were killed. Attractive women were kept as whores . Descendants of these slaves are still seen as slave born and unacceptable marriage material by many. Many tribes used captured slaves for ritual sacrifice. Between being whipped raw but left alive ( as some slaves had done ) or having your limbs broken then buried or burned alive ( in Africa) I am not sure that the one left to live got the worse deal.