Correct me if I'm wrong, but the table B date looks to be later than their PD, so they could file I-485, assuming their E visa keeps them in status until adjustment of status is approved.
This isn't super important right now, but you weren't denied, your filing was rejected. This is important if the question "have you ever been denied..." comes up. USCIS is a stickler for terminology.
I am a permanent resident and I still get the pop-ups and email reminders about applying for ESTA. I think the website just automatically emails people based on just their citizenship.