nbanik1987

You have to be physically present in the US to file it.
after biometrics are done you can leave. On the form you can  request them to send it to your nearest consulate for collection.

No, you do not need to notify the USCIS because you got issues a new passport number.

You can still list it and provide letter from employer stating the income will continue once you become a permanent resident. Even if they decide not to count it, your wife meets the requirement on her own.
Yes, fill out a new I-864, list her current annual income and your income, combine them. Both of you provide the income proof you need through employment letters and recent pay stubs. They need to see the proof of the current income you list.

hi
what did she send as proof? did she send in W2? did she send employment letters or paystubs?
aside of the transcripts
correct, most recent year of taxes plus estimated income of current year
you don't need a joint sponsor

What is she currently making? She needed to list her current annual income and prove that amount with letter from employer and/or pay stubs.
You can add your income to her I-864 where it asks for intending immigrant's income. You must provide proof of your income as well as proof that it will continue from the same source once you become a permanent resident. Your combined incomes is more than enough to not need a joint sponsor.

Your F1 status is still valid, you can enroll as normal. If your schooling is important to your life, you should keep going to school. If you quit school, your F1 will be terminated and you will be out of status. I-130 only grants you privilege to adjust status (apply for green card) it won't change your immigration status.
Mid-June then you have like 5 months to wait, you can file your I-485 now, and you don't have to wait that long then wait for I-485 (at least 3 months) You can send your I-485 along with your wife's I-130 NOA, that's way they will adjust your AOS concurrently. Turnaround time is approx. 3months if you have everything in order.
Good luck to you.

Agreed with all comments.
My suggestion to you is to apply for GC. It helps tremendously with your school and work. Because once you file I-765 and I-485, about 3 month period, you will get work authorization. Yes, you can file OPT after graduation but you will have to pay a fee for that. Filing together with I-485, I-765 is free. Plus, your tuition will be considered in-state which is about 2-3 times less than an international rate once you have your GC. Unless you have a grant or scholarship to pay for it, you don't need to worry about it. I had been paying an international rate for almost 10 years and it really got me at some points!
Living in the U.S. or not after your finish your Ph.D is your choice in the future. AOS is your decision NOW to make.
My two cents!
Good luck.

The reentry permit works for about 2 years. http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/B5en.pdf
So if you have the green card before leaving to work overseas, you have up to 2 years before they consider it abandoned and you must start the process over again with a re-entry permit.
Like i said, if you are living overseas, wait until you're ready to move back to the USA, then file the I-824 to pull the approved I-130 out of storage and have it moved to the National Visa Center. There you can do the rest of the IR1 journey, interview abroad, and obtain your green card and move back to the USA. The NVC stage takes from 2-6 months however so you will want to plan accordingly.
You need to activate your visa within 6 months of the interview or medical, it varies by country. You can leave again, same day, but at that point you are subject to staying in the USA more than you are out of it or getting a re-entry permit if you will be out of the USA longer than 1 year.
However, if you find a job in the USA after graduation, and haven't yet filed the AOS with the EAD, you will not be able to work at that job until the EAD is approved, which takes about 90 days. You cannot work, volunteer, etc, without that EAD.