USCIS case number has the following format ("-" hyphens omitted):
AAABBCCCDEEEE
Where the values above are as follows:
AAA
The USCIS service center or office that received your case
SRC - Texas Service Center (TSC)
LIN - Nebraska Service Center (NSC)
WAC - California Service Center (CSC)
EAC - Vermont Service Center (VSC)
MSC - Missouri Service Center (MSC)
NBC - National Benefits Center (NBC)
BB
USCIS fiscal year (October 1 to September 30).
Cases filed from 10/01/2013 to 09/30/2014 will have BB=14
CCC
The working day of the fiscal year when your case is received.
10/01/13 = 001
D
Internal USCIS use (typically 5)
EEEE
Starting at 0001, the order your case was recieved that day
The USCIS I-797 Receipt Notice from USCIS
(or automated email) Contains Your Receipt Notice:
Checking Your USCIS Case Status With Your Receipt Number
You can check your USCIS case via several methods:
Online at the USCIS Case Status Page (preferred method)
Via phone by calling 1 (800) 375-5283
Via email the appropriate USCIS Service Center that is processing your case:
California Service Center: csc-ncsc-followup@dhs.gov
Vermont Service Center: vsc.ncscfollowup@dhs.gov
Nebraska Service Center: ncscfollowup.nsc@dhs.gov
Texas Service Center: tsc.ncscfollowup@dhs.gov
Tracking Your Case Using the VisaJourney Timeline
You can create an immigration timeline here at VisaJourney giving you the following benefits:
Estimated approval dates for each phase of your case
Updates (turn on the auto timeline subscription tool to enable) when other members with similar cases are approved (meaning you will be soon after)
Statistics on other cases, USCIS and consulate processing times
Tracking of how many people are ahead of you in the queue (so you can see when you are close to being approved)
Many other features as well!