My take is that there is no need to rush here. Your 'husband' (since you did a ceremony in India) is on an F1 and graduates January 2026. They should have an OPT for 1-3 years.
Why not apply for a marriage visa? It doesn't matter that he is in the US. Given that his F1 ends January, he can still get a job on OPT and then, when the visa is done, go to India for visa stamping. In the meantime, you can get a job again to do the financial support yourself, and maybe get help from your parents.
They wouldn't be able to leave the US, though, because it would be iffy to get back in when there is a marriage visa being processed, since that shows intent to stay the US.
Anyway, this is just an idea, I don't know what others think.