aerodnight

Ah, then I misread your original post.  I thought you only had a Polish BC and that it listed a different name from the name on your US passport.  Turns out your Polish BC and US passport names match.  That said, how were you able to get a US passport that does not match the name on your US BC?  I would be surprised if the passport agency accepted your Polish BC as proof of your US citizenship.
 
In any case, it's good that you listed both of your names on the I-130.  Not listing the name on the US-issued BC would not be wise, even if you did not submit a BC with the I-130.  But, I doubt you'll get an RFE because of the name discrepancy.  If you do get an RFE for this, maybe USCIS will accept your Polish BC as your legal name change document.  Maybe.
 

@Wouter I just saw your response and I've already made a certified translation by a sworn translator, what a shame! However, our polish certificate in international version is actually bilingual in polish/french and at the end of the last page there are symbol references with multiple translations, so it's possible that our wouldn't go so smoothly as the one you attached in the link. At least now I'm sure that translations will not be a problem, thanks!

And such solution would also save me a trouble with re-establishing the domicile as I understand correctly? I guess leaving EU country and starting a job in US would be a strong argument for the embassy.