STIG

The geniuses at USCIS rolled out a brand new system for processing Nat cases in April last year. The problem was that they had not performed any UAT on the new system before roll-out and the system implementation has been an absolutely disaster resulting in a substantial slowdown in the time it times to process cases due to the system bugs. It was so bad, that they reverted back to the old system for all filers after August, but all the April to Aug applications have gotten backlogged and delayed everything. Not one FO is processing cases within 5 months now, and most are now taking 7 - 10 months, with some FOs such as Houston and St Paul taking even longer than 10 months. My FO used to take 6 - 7 months on average, yet it will be 10 months from filing date to oath for me.

Based on the facts and circumstances, I can definitely see how his visa was denied. With so few days spent together in person, then you guys have an extremely tough burden to overcome. I'm not going to judge you at all as to whether your engagement and love is legit or not as I personally do not know you guys at all, nor is it any of my business to do so, but if you say it is real and legit, then I believe you. Couple of things:
 
1) His reaction to the denial is worrisome to me, and should be a red flag to you. Especially seeing that you mentioned you were previously in an abusive relationship. Are you sure you truly know this person? Does he have a violent temper that will come out later when you guys spend more time together? I only say this because you mention that he got into an argument with the immigration officer and they had to have security escort him out. I'm not judging, just maybe food for thought.
2) You guys will have to find a way to spend a lot more time together in person. Not just to prove his legitimacy for a visa, but also for your relationship. Plus you definitely need to meet his family and get to know who he really is and see where he comes from.
 
Best of luck to you and god bless

Can I suggest you consult with an immigration attorney rather than take the advice of people who just do not know for sure. Based on your latest post, you may in fact be okay, but rather confirm with an attorney. There are quite a few who have set up shop in the airports due to the upcoming revised Executive Order. Great oppurtunity to get free advice. 

Looks to me like continuous residence was broken. Rather just wait until Sept 2017 (3 years from your return date), and file then, or 90 days before. 

When you apply again, the USCIS WILL review the previous denial and question you about it. I would engage an immigration attorney and definitely appeal the decision, making sure you can demonstrate financial hardship as a single income breadwinner for the family. I agree that its best for you to try pay off all the tax ASAP.