I have not completed this as we are still in process - I am leaving the US next week and my 3-year old Boxer (short-snout) is coming 2 weeks after me. I have completed the CDC dog permit process (South Africa - high-risk) and surprisingly, the 4 week (max 8 week process) that is stated on the CDC website ended up being much much faster. I had a one-day turn-around and approval for entry at DFW. I myself am using a local service provider to assist me with the export via Turkish Airlines cargo, which is expensive but they have already made the process much more streamlined, if you can afford this, it is worthwhile imo. The service is also taking care of the Texas requirements for me.
For the CDC dog permit application, I of course had to do the rabies titer which in South Africa had an 8-week turnaround - you will need to enquire with your vet on the turnaround time for the CDC-approved testing centre as listed on their website for Colombia. I would get started asap.
You are welcome to dm me if you have specific questions.