Hi misc111,
I would imagine it depends on the local embassy whether or not they give your the receipt number information on their website. Is there a way to contact your local embassy in India about your case? Phone calls, emails, or walk-ins? If your permit is being transferred to the US embassy in India through D.C., the USCIS in the US probably won't be able to help you, most likely.
Hope this helps.
Best regards.