Gordon Brown becomes UK Prime Minister

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6243558.stm

Blair resigns as prime minister

Tony Blair has stood down as UK prime minister after 10 years in the job.

He handed in his resignation to the Queen during a private meeting at Buckingham Palace.

His long-serving Chancellor Gordon Brown is now at the Palace where the Queen is asking him to take the job and form a new government.

Earlier, Mr Blair received a standing ovation from MPs in the Commons in unprecedented scenes at the end of his final prime minister's questions.

As they left Downing Street the Blair family - including their four children - posed for the gathered world media.

Mr Blair said nothing to the press as they got in the car, but wife Cherie smiled and waved at the press and said she would not "miss" them.

Earlier MPs from all sides called a halt to the usual House of Commons hostilities to pay tribute to him during Mr Blair's final half hour question time session.

Mr Blair admitted he had "never pretended to be a great House of Commons man" but he paid tribute to the "noble" work of MPs and - in his final words to Parliament - said: "I wish everyone, friend or foe, well and that is that, the end."

Mr Blair, who was being watched from the public gallery by his family, also paid tribute to troops killed in Iraq, saying he was "truly sorry about the dangers they face today".

Conservative leader David Cameron hailed Mr Blair's "remarkable achievement" in being prime minister for 10 years, praising peace in Northern Ireland and Mr Blair's work in the developing world which he said will "endure".

'Generosity'

He wished Mr Blair "every success for whatever he does in the future".

Mr Blair thanked Mr Cameron for his tributes and said although he could not wish the Tory leader well politically, "personally I wish both him and his family very well indeed".

Lib Dem leader Sir Menzies Campbell said that, despite their political disagreements, Mr Blair had been "unfailingly courteous" and extended his party's best wishes to the outgoing prime minister and his family.

Mr Blair returned the compliment, saying Sir Menzies had a "generosity of spirit and courtesy".

Mr Blair also exchanged tributes with Northern Ireland first minister Ian Paisley.

Middle East

To laughter from all sides, Mr Blair told MPs he had received his own P45 on Tuesday.

Asked to advise his successor Gordon Brown on the relationship between faith and the state, Mr Blair sparked more laughter by saying, after a brief pause: "I think I'm really not bothered about that one."

Mr Blair, expected to take on the role of Middle East envoy, told MPs he believed a solution could be found in the region but would take a "huge intensity of focus and work".

He told MPs: "As I learned in respect of Northern Ireland, it is important to be able to bring people together, including people who have been very hostile towards each other."

Cabinet reshuffle

The so-called "quartet" - of the UN, America, Russia and the EU - are thought likely to make an announcement on the job offer later.

For Mr Brown, who became Labour leader on Sunday, taking over as prime minister is the culmination of a political career stretching back to the early 1970s.

He is the longest serving chancellor in modern times and has been aiming for the top job since agreeing stand aside in 1994 to give Mr Blair a clear run at the Labour leadership.

After taking over as PM, he is expected to begin his Cabinet reshuffle by naming the next chancellor and home secretary.

A fuller reshuffle of government jobs is expected on Thursday.

Protesters

Mr Brown has singled out education and affordable housing as two of his key concerns on taking over as prime minister, but says the NHS is his "immediate priority".

He has also admitted that Iraq is "a divisive issue for our party and our country" and pledged to "learn lessons that need to be learned".

Once he leaves office, Mr Blair is expected to travel to his Sedgefield constituency, in the north east of England, on Wednesday evening to announce he is standing down as an MP after 24 years.

John Prescott is also stepping down from frontline politics after 10 years as deputy prime minister. It is not certain whether Mr Brown will appoint a replacement.

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Long read, but worth it:

Washington diary: Blair's ending

By Matt Frei

BBC News, Washington

Tornadoes in Sheffield, the monsoon in Manchester, biblical floods washing over Merry England.

Who would have thought that the end of Tony Blair would feel like the end of days?

As it happens, the deep depression swirling over middle England has absolutely nothing to do with the ebb and flow of power.

The English remain an unsentimental lot when it comes to prime ministers.

Those not too busy siphoning water out of their basements may dwell briefly on the dour Scot who used to run our money but will now run our whole country.

The nation whose lower lip once quivered for the passing of Diana, the People's Princess, will be as sentimental about the end of Tony and the beginning of Gordon as the movers lugging furniture in and out of Number 10.

It is here in America that Tony Blair will be missed.

The ThankYouTony.com website has been virtually drowning in tears. Our neighbours, staunch Democrats who hate George W Bush, silently shake their heads when they contemplate the early retirement of Tony Blair. "Why, Matt, he's so articulate?"

The enthusiastic car insurance broker who gave me a 5% discount thanks to Tony Blair's steadfast support of George Bush -"if it weren't for you Brits, we'd be completely alone!" - is still deeply perplexed by it all.

America simply cannot get its head around the fratricide of Brother Tony in his own country.

It reminds me a little of the way that Germany could never fathom the revulsion felt by ordinary Russians for Mikhail Gorbachev, the hero who helped to unite Germany by dismantling his own empire.

But rest assured, Mr Blair, America will make up for it.

George Bush has already offered you a job as the Quartet's Middle East envoy. You will be mobbed like a rock star on the lecture circuit and the book tour.

In adulation you will be rivalled only by that other British superhero who was ejected from the nest and is soon to reside with his foster family, LA Galaxy, on the Pacific coast. David Beckham will bend balls and Tony Blair spin words for the delectation of a country that appreciates their talents.

What I point out to my neighbours is that the British have always been nasty to their chief executives.

Winston Churchill, hailed at home and abroad as one of the greatest statesmen ever, was felled at the polls within months of British tanks rolling victoriously into continental Europe.

Margaret Thatcher, the unflinching Iron Lady, was melted down and reduced to tears by rebellion in her own ranks.

By comparison, Tony Blair's departure has been graceful and bloodless.

In each case, his or her success also harboured the seeds of downfall.

By winning the war against Hitler, Winston Churchill mobilised a nation but also raised expectations of social mobility.

Once the war was won, the nation outgrew a leader who hailed from a different class and a different era.

After years of dithering and brittle parliamentary pacts, Lady Thatcher ruled with an iron fist and a solid majority in the House of Commons. Without anyone snapping at her heels she was allowed to overreach with policies like the unpopular poll tax.

She ended up aggravating her own Tory MPs, who feared oblivion at the next poll and thus pulled the plug on her. A British prime minister is after all elected by the winning party, not the electorate.

Tony Blair's success was that he managed to liberate the Labour Party from its traditional trenches and appeal directly to the nation at large. He stole policies and voters wherever he could find them. He managed to win three elections, a historic hat-trick for Labour.

He charmed the globe into believing that Britain mattered and then put the troops where his mouth is. He was inspired by Bill Clinton's charisma and partially groomed by his advisers.

Tony Blair was perhaps the most presidential prime minister we have ever had, ruling with a small coterie of advisers, growling at his troublesome party while smiling at the nation.

At first it worked a treat. We were Cool Britannia. Tony fixed Northern Ireland. What would be next? The Middle East perhaps. African poverty. Global warming.

And all the while Tony Blair spoke not about the minutiae of policies and quotas but reached for the stars with speeches about values and faith. He began to sound less and less like the man in Number 10 and more like the guy in the White House.

The combination of presidential charisma with a parliamentary majority was at its most successful when he persuaded his party against their better judgement to go along with the war of choice in Iraq.

The infatuation with America, emboldened by the belief that Britain must stand solidly behind its strongest ally, became Tony's fatal attraction. The hour of success began the countdown to failure.

America's founding fathers made sure that the president had many of the trappings of monarchy but none of its power.

As George Bush is discovering now, the business of government is grinding trench warfare between the White House and Capitol Hill.

It is meant to be unpleasant and tedious. The checks and balances built into the system are like speed bumps, road blocks, pot holes and traffic cameras on British roads. They are meant to slow things down.

The president is only allowed to serve two terms in office. He spends most of his first term trying to get re-elected and most of his second being described as a lame duck. No wonder they give him the shiny plane and the armoured limos. There have to be some perks to this job.

By comparison, a British prime minister with a solid majority in parliament wields far more power.

The day that George Bush was fighting for re-election in the first presidential debate against Senator John Kerry, Tony Blair graciously conceded that he wouldn't be seeking a fourth term of office. "But he hasn't even won his third yet!" an American colleague pointed out indignantly.

It is the combination of a majority in the Commons and the temptation to appeal to the voters above the heads of your own party that has encouraged hubris and ultimately led to Tony Blair's early retirement.

Which prime minister hasn't ended up disappointing the voters? But these days the moveable feast of policies, the squishy middle ground, the Third Way, also means that you end up losing the support of your party.

Modern British prime ministers are brilliant but lonely, and they benefit from none of the inherent respect which Americans harbour for the presidency. They may loathe the incumbent, but they revere the office.

Even when George W Bush retires he will still be addressed as Mr President. On Thursday, the prime minister becomes Mr Blair.