QUOTE(john_and_marlene @ Dec 12 2006, 12:07 PM)

It's the combination of residency and citizenship. For some locations, the US residence will make a difference.
Some, yes. Almost no place in Europe though. You need to apply for a Schengen visa. Nice part about this, it works in most countries in Europe. Fairly routine, you need proof of income, health insurance, and a few other things.
If you will be in another Schengen country, you can apply for their visa instead (if you are going to Greece or Germany, you could apply for their visa). It doesn't matter which country you arrive in. (You are supposed to have it either for the country of entry, or where you will spend the most time though).