GGT: The answer is "NO".
To file via DCF in India, the US citizen MUST be resident in India. The rules are clearly stated in the links provided.
http://newdelhi.usembassy.gov/uscisi130pet.htmlEffective June 1, 2006, U.S. citizens who wish to file an I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) for their immediate relatives must provide evidence that they are residents of India. Proof of such residency will include a U.S. passport with an appropriate long-term, valid Indian visa and a Registration Report and Residential Permit issued by the Foreigner’s Regional Registration Office (FRRO) of the Government of India. Additional evidence should include, but is not limited to, on-going employment in India, taxes paid in India, rent/property receipts, and utility receipts in India. In most instances a finding of residency cannot be made with less than 90 days continuous presence in India.
After you marry, ask your wife to file a petition for you in the US.